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In the case that ‘brahma-’ refers to the masculine ‘Brahma’ In case of the term ‘brahma-’ in the three compounds50 being translated as a masculine ‘Brahma,’51 the comparison of the first and the third

In this text, the term 'brahma-' is analyzed in the context of its translation as the masculine 'Brahma.' It discusses how the comparison between the Tathāgata and the Brahma, the creator, illustrates

V. Reference 2: Dhammakāya and Paccekabuddhas A Paccekabuddha is counted as one of the two types of Buddhas. According to Buddhist philosophy, a Paccekabuddha is a person who is of the highest wisdom

This text discusses the concept of Paccekabuddhas, individuals of high wisdom who achieve self-enlightenment but lack the ability to teach. It explores scholarly arguments about the pre-Buddhist origi

mental qualities128 or purity,129 or identifies it with realities to be attained or experienced spiritually by noble disciples through the penetration of the noble paths.130 In one instance, he connec

This text examines the term dhammakāya as articulated by Buddhaghosa, linking it to spiritual realities and teachings of the Buddha. It highlights the role of dhamma-vinaya as a guiding principle and

literature.9 It is notable that the Agama Sutras (阿含经) discovered in the Xishuangbanna region are incomplete. For example, the Hinayana Agama should have contained the Khuddaka Patha (小品), Dharma-phra

The Agama Sutras found in the Xishuangbanna region are notable for their incompleteness. The Hinayana Agama is expected to contain various texts that are partly missing. According to The Complete Coll

Although there is no date on the manuscript, the dhammakāya verse has been known in the Lan Na regions for many centuries. It also appears on a 16th century stone inscription unearthed at the site of

The dhammakāya verse has been recognized in the Lan Na regions for centuries, with historical inscriptions confirming its existence dating back to the 16th century, specifically at Wat Tham Suea in Ph

What kind of meditation did An Shigao introduce into Eastern Han China? An Shigao and other Central Asian translators were welcomed into Eastern Han China (25-220 CE), by the cultured elites who were

An Shigao, notable for his translations, played a key role in introducing meditation practices to Eastern Han China (25-220 CE). The prevalent form during this period was breathing meditation, particu

breathing in, and count two at the end of breathing out. If you count any other number than two when it should be two, start counting over from one. If you count any other number than nine when it sho

This text delves into meditation practices from An Shigao’s works, particularly highlighting the Anban shouyi jing, a crucial scripture translated from Sanskrit. The sutra emphasizes mindfulness of br

From Sengyou’s CSZJJ, we learn that there are two Anban[shouyi] jing sutras which were translated by An Shigao:37 安般守意經一卷 安錄云：『小安般經』。（CSZJJ p.5c 23: “corresponding to a Smaller Anban jing” 大安般經一卷（CSZJ

This content examines An Shigao's translations of Anban sutras, highlighting the distinctions between the Present Da Anban shouyi jing and the Kongo-ji Anban shouyi jing. The text discusses the integr

Conclusion In conclusion, in this paper I have reviewed An Shigao's career as a meditation master and a translator of Buddhist texts. Based on his translations of meditation sutras I have argued that

In this conclusion, I highlight An Shigao's significant contributions as a meditation master and translator of Buddhist texts. His translation of meditation sutras introduced mindfulness breathing med

among Buddhists, is a story of the Buddha from Dusit realm, who visited the earth as Siddhata, the royal son of King Suddhothana and Queen Maya. The most quoted story of Buddhism concerns goddess M

The text narrates the story of the Buddha's earthly life as Siddhata, son of King Suddhothana and Queen Maya, and the roles of the goddess Mekkhala and the Bodhisatta. It depicts the themes of moralit

' Neither is there any other world, nor are there beings reborn otherwise than from parents, nor is there fruit or result of deeds well done or ill done.' Now the brahmins and householders of Setavya

ในขณะที่ Master Kassapa, ศิษย์ของ Wanderer Gotama อยู่ที่ Setavya พร้อมด้วย bhikkhus ประมาณห้าร้อยคน ชาวบ้านและบราแมนได้ยินชื่อเสียงของเขาและออกมาสัมภาษณ์เขา พวกเขาเชื่อว่า Arahants อย่างเขานั้นดีในกา

' Why are the people of Setavya going forth like this towards the Sivsapa – tree Grove ? ' Then the doorkeeper told him the news. And he said : - ' Then, good doorkeeper, go to the brahmins and househ

In the story, Payasi, the chieftain of Setavya, is informed about a gathering at the Sinsapa tree grove where the Wanderer Master Kassapa is present. While some householders and brahmins approach with

some of them saluted him with joined hands and took their seats on one side ; some of them called out their name and family and did likewise, some of them took their seats on one side in silence. 5.

In a thought-provoking discussion, Payasi expresses disbelief in the existence of another world or the outcomes of human actions. Master Kassapa counters his views by questioning the nature of celesti

once dead, they will be better off, that they are fond of life, averse from dying, fond of happiness, disinclined for sorrow. This, Master Kassapa, is for me evidence that there is no other world, no

This text discusses the human inclination towards life and happiness while fearing death and sorrow. It presents a simile involving a brahmin with two wives and the devastating consequences of greed w

Here is the extracted text from the image: --- **This Life Next Life** (in red, italics) 34 she met with ruin and disaster. Even so you, Prince, foolish and thoughtless that you are, will meet

ข้อความนี้พูดถึงความสำคัญของการใช้ชีวิตอย่างมีคุณธรรมและความฉลาดในการค้นหาความหมายของชีวิตและชีวิตถัดไป โดยยกตัวอย่างถึงพระราชาที่มีแนวคิดผิด ๆ และความสำคัญของการรอคอยและเติบโตอย่างชาญฉลาดเพื่อประโยชน

"Even so, Prince, have you, silly and unintelligent, sought after another world. Renounce, Prince, this evil set of opinions. Let them not involve you for long in bale and sorrow !' 22. 'Even though

In this text, a prince named Payasi is confronted by Master Kassapa regarding his beliefs that deny the existence of an afterlife and the consequences of one's actions. Despite Kassapa's urging, Payas

" Yes indeed, Sir, there has been a great rain in the jungle just in front, the roads are well watered, there is much grass and wood and water. Throw away the grass and wood and water, Sir, you have a

A caravan leader is advised to discard grass, wood, and water for a quicker journey. Following this advice leads to disaster, as they find no essential resources at their camps. The yakkha consumes th

' With Master Kassapa's first simile I was pleased, I was charmed ; moreover I wanted to hear his ready wit in questions, for I regarded Master Kassapa as one who was to be opposed. It is wonderful, M

In this text, the narrator expresses admiration for Master Kassapa's teachings, viewing him as a guide on the path to enlightenment. The dialogue reveals the significance of understanding true sacrifi

It is just as if a farmer, Prince, were to enter a wood taking with him plough and seed, and were there, in an untilled tract, in unfavourable soil, among unprouted stumps, to plant seeds that were br

In this passage, Master Kassapa illustrates the difference between ineffective sacrifices and those that are rooted in right intention and character. A farmer with poor seeds and unfavorable condition

【กะ】【可守身中意者. 譯意在身觀. 是為身中意】【(T-ABS Y I T602, 15:169c22-c23) As for the ability to guard mindfulness [smtṛ] at the centre of the body, it is known as the mindfulness dwells contemplating [in] the body:

บทความนี้นำเสนอแนวความคิดเกี่ยวกับการเฝ้าระวังสติที่ศูนย์กลางของร่างกาย โดยอ้างถึงงานของ Michael Radich ในการอธิบายความหมายของคำว่า 'อือ' ซึ่งหมายถึงทั้ง 'ใจ' และ 'สติ' ในการศึกษานี้ยังมีการอ้างอิงถึง